
There is scientific evidence that global climate is changing. Over the last century, global average temperature rose by more than 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit, with the last decade being the warmest decade on record. There is scientific evidence that oceans are getting warmer and more acidic, ice caps and glaciers are melting, and sea levels are rising. All these climatic changes are causing low lying areas to be more flood prone, and, some parts of the world to be more drought-prone and arid due to more frequent and severe heat waves. Some of the human adaptation responses to challenges posed by environment and climate change include human migration to safer places; restoration of affected areas for habitation; change of agricultural crop patterns, finding flood and drought resilient crops; sharing losses via risk pooling such as insurance schemes; construction of safeguarding structures such as breakwaters on harbors and around islands, hurricane-shelters on coastal areas; creation of vegetation buffers known as “green belts” to reduce the damaging impact of Tsunami; creation of reservoirs to use rain water; treatment of waste water for reuse; and efficiency and rationing in water usage etc.